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<p>Preface xi</p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Physical Properties of Colors 1</b></p> <p>A What this Book is about? 1</p> <p>B The Spectrum and Wave Theory 2</p> <p>C Light Sources 3</p> <p>D Conventional Materials 5</p> <p>Transmission 5</p> <p>Absorption 6</p> <p>Surface Scattering 7</p> <p>Internal Scattering 7</p> <p>Terminology – Dyes Versus Pigments 10</p> <p>Spectral Characteristics of Conventional Materials 12</p> <p>E Fluorescent Materials 12</p> <p>F Gonioapparent Materials 14</p> <p>Metallic Materials 14</p> <p>Pearlescent Materials 14</p> <p>Interference Materials 15</p> <p>Diffraction Materials 16</p> <p>G Photochromic and Thermochromic Colorants 16</p> <p>H Summary 16</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Color and Spatial Vision 17</b></p> <p>A Trichromacy 17</p> <p>B Light and Chromatic adaptation 21</p> <p>C Compression 23</p> <p>D Opponency 23</p> <p>E Spatial Vision 26</p> <p>F Observer variability 29</p> <p>G Summary 34</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Visual Color Specification 37</b></p> <p>A One-Dimensional Scales 37</p> <p>Hue 37</p> <p>Lightness 38</p> <p>Chromatic Intensity 39</p> <p>B Three-Dimensional Systems 39</p> <p>Geometries 39</p> <p>Natural Color System 40</p> <p>Munsell Color System 42</p> <p>Other Color-Order Systems 46</p> <p>C Color Appearance: Multidimensional systems 46</p> <p>D Color-Mixing systems 47</p> <p><i>RGB </i>and <i>HSB</i> 47</p> <p>The Pantone Matching System 48</p> <p>Limitations of Color-Mixing Systems for Color Specification 49</p> <p>E Summary 49</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Numerical Color Specification: Colorimetry 51</b></p> <p>A Color Matching 51</p> <p>B Derivation of the Standard observers 53</p> <p>Theoretical Considerations 53</p> <p>The Color-Matching Experiment 54</p> <p>The 1924 CIE Standard Photopic Observer 57</p> <p>The 1931 CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer 58</p> <p>The 1964 CIE Standard Colorimetric Observer 61</p> <p>Cone-Fundamental-Based Colorimetric Observers 62</p> <p>C Calculating Tristimulus values for Materials 62</p> <p>D Chromaticity Coordinates and the Chromaticity diagram 63</p> <p>E Calculating Tristimulus values and Chromaticity Coordinates for sources 67</p> <p>F Transformation of Primaries 68</p> <p>Displays 68</p> <p>Cone Fundamentals 71</p> <p>G Approximately Uniformly Spaced Systems 71</p> <p><i>L</i>* Lightness 72</p> <p><i>u</i>′<i>v</i>′ Uniform-Chromaticity Scale Diagram 72</p> <p>Cieluv 73</p> <p>Cielab 74</p> <p>Rotation of CIELAB Coordinates 75</p> <p>H Color-appearance models 78</p> <p>I Whiteness and Yellowness 83</p> <p>Whiteness 83</p> <p>Yellowness 84</p> <p>J Summary 84</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Color-Quality Specification 85</b></p> <p>A Perceptibility and Acceptability Visual Judgments 85</p> <p>B Color-Difference Geometry 86</p> <p>C Ellipses and Ellipsoids 89</p> <p>D The Color-Difference Problem 92</p> <p>E Weighted Color-Difference Formulas 96</p> <p>F CMC(L:C) Color-Difference Formula 99</p> <p>G Ciede2000 Color-Difference Formula 100</p> <p>H Uniform Color-Difference Spaces 105</p> <p>I Determining Color-Tolerance Magnitude 106</p> <p>J Summary 110</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Color and Material-Appearance Measurement 111</b></p> <p>A Basic Principles of Measuring Color and Material Appearance 111</p> <p>B The Sample 112</p> <p>C Visual Color Measurement 113</p> <p>D Measurement geometries 114</p> <p>Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function 115</p> <p>CIE Recommended Geometries for Measuring Spectral Reflectance Factor 115</p> <p>CIE Recommended Geometries for Measuring Spectral Transmittance Factor 118</p> <p>Multiangle Geometries 118</p> <p>E Spectrophotometry 119</p> <p>F Spectroradiometry 121</p> <p>G Fluorescence Measurements 122</p> <p>H Precision and Accuracy Measurements 124</p> <p>Repeatability 125</p> <p>Intramodel Reproducibility 127</p> <p>Accuracy 128</p> <p>I spectral Imaging 134</p> <p>J Material-Appearance Measurements 137</p> <p>Gloss 137</p> <p>Microstructure – Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function 137</p> <p>Macrostructure 142</p> <p>Sparkle and Graininess 143</p> <p>K Summary 144</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Lighting 145</b></p> <p>A Standard Illuminants 145</p> <p>B Luminance Illuminance and Luminous Efficacy 148</p> <p>C Correlated Color Temperature 149</p> <p>D Color Rendition 150</p> <p>E Summary 155</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Metamerism and Color Inconstancy 157</b></p> <p>A Metamerism Terminology 157</p> <p>B Producing Metamers 158</p> <p>C Indices of Metamerism 160</p> <p>Special Index of Metamerism 160</p> <p>General Index of Metamerism 162</p> <p>Using Indices of Metamerism 163</p> <p>D Color Inconstancy and Indices of Color Inconstancy 164</p> <p>E Summary 168</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Optical Modeling of Colored Materials 169</b></p> <p>A Generic Approach to Color Modeling 169</p> <p>B Modeling Transparent Materials 171</p> <p>C Modeling Opaque Materials 174</p> <p>Opaque Paints 176</p> <p>Opaque Textiles 181</p> <p>D Modeling Gonioapparent Materials 184</p> <p>E Color-Formulation Software 184</p> <p>F Summary 188</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Color Imaging 189</b></p> <p>A Analysis and Synthesis 190</p> <p>B Color Management 191</p> <p>C Additive versus Subtractive Mixing 195</p> <p>D Displays and Encoding 198</p> <p>E Printing 204</p> <p>F Digital Cameras 212</p> <p>Colorimetric Accuracy 213</p> <p>Spectral Accuracy 217</p> <p>G Spectral Color Reproduction 219</p> <p>H Summary 219</p> <p>Bibliography 221</p> <p>Annotated Bibliography 237</p> <p>Recommended Books 243</p> <p>Index 247</p>

<p><b>ROY S. BERNS, P<small>H</small>D,</b> is the Richard S. Hunter Professor in Color Science, Appearance, and Technology within the Program of Color Science at Rochester Institute of Technology, USA where he developed both M.S. and Ph.D. degree programs in Color Science. He has received scientific achievement awards from the Inter-Society Color Council, the Society of Imaging Science and Technology, the Colour Group of Great Britain, and the International Association of Colour. Dr. Berns is the author of the third edition of this book, as well as an author of over 200 publications.

<p><b>OFFERS DETAILED COVERAGE OF COLOR, COLORANTS, THE COLORING OF MATERIALS, AND REPRODUCING THE COLOR OF MATERIALS THROUGH IMAGING</b> <p>This all-new fourth edition of <i>Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology</i> combines the clarity and ease of earlier editions with significant updates about the advancement in color theory and technology. It cuts back on historical coverage and appendix matter to expand on discussion of topics like spatial vision, solid-state lighting, cameras and spectrophotometers, and multivariate statistical analyses. Supplemented with numerical examples, graphs, and illustrations—as well as sidebars that present technical details—this book remains a valuable and accessible introduction and reference. <p>In <i>Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology, 4th Edition,</i> the topic of color imaging is given its own chapter—as are the subjects of metamerism and color inconstancy. The area of color measurement has been expanded to include measuring color and material appearance using conventional spectrophotometers and spectroradiometers and imaging devices that characterize surface topography and visual texture. The new edition uses the simplest of mathematics (which is matrix algebra in many cases) to aide in instruction. It also includes more numerical examples than previous editions. <ul> <li>Provides guidance for how to use color measurement instrumentation, make a visual assessment, set a visual tolerance, and select a formulation</li> <li>Supplements material with numerical examples, graphs, and illustrations that clarify and explain complex subjects</li> <li>Moves important content from a dedicated appendix to sidebars throughout the book</li> <li>Expands coverage of topics including spatial vision, solid-state lighting, cameras and spectrophotometers, and multivariate statistical analyses</li> </ul> <p><i>Billmeyer and Saltzman's Principles of Color Technology, 4th Edition</i> is an important reference for color technologists, color specialists, chemical and industrial engineers, computer scientists, research scientists, and mathematicians interested in color.

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