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<p>Introduction ix</p> <p><b>Part 1. The Blockchain: a Tool for Non-centralization and Disintermediation </b><b>1</b></p> <p><b>Introduction to Part 1 </b><b>3</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 1. Non-centralized Architecture </b><b>7</b></p> <p>1.1. Certified timestamping of transactions, operations, and events in a non-centralized registry 11</p> <p>1.1.1. The network of nodes: the peer-to-peer architecture 12</p> <p>1.1.2. The timestamping system 13</p> <p>1.1.3. Recording of transactions and other operations 14</p> <p>1.2. Encryption, anonymity, transparency, and verifiability in a non-centralized network 18</p> <p>1.2.1. A unique approach to transparency 20</p> <p>1.2.2. An advanced form of privacy by design 21</p> <p>1.2.3. Blockchain and protection of trade secrets 26</p> <p>1.3. The implications of a non-centralized model 28</p> <p>1.3.1. Limiting the risk of data loss 29</p> <p>1.3.2. The lack of a central authority 29</p> <p>1.3.3. Non-centralization and game theory 29</p> <p>1.3.4. Oracles and decentralization 32</p> <p><b>Chapter 2. The Dynamics of Disintermediation </b><b>37</b></p> <p>2.1. Self-execution of smart contracts 37</p> <p>2.1.1. The notion and origins of the smart contract 37</p> <p>2.1.2. The functioning of smart contracts 38</p> <p>2.1.3. The reference to the notion of contract 39</p> <p>2.1.4. Smart contracts — a radically autonomous approach to the contract 42</p> <p>2.2. Decentralized Applications (dApps) and Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) 44</p> <p>2.2.1. Functioning and characteristics of dApps 44</p> <p>2.2.2. User access to dApps 46</p> <p>2.2.3. The economy and the monetization of dApps 49</p> <p>2.2.4. Decentralized Autonomous Organization 50</p> <p>2.3. Disintermediation and reduction of transaction costs 51</p> <p>2.3.1. Disintermediation by blockchain 52</p> <p>2.3.2. From control by intermediaries to control over intermediaries 53</p> <p>2.3.3. The blockchain and trusted third parties 54</p> <p>2.3.4. Crypto-asset vectors of disintermediation 55</p> <p>2.3.5. A potential reduction in transaction costs 56</p> <p><b>Chapter 3. Blockchain Prospects and Ongoing Improvements </b><b>61</b></p> <p>3.1. Scalability 61</p> <p>3.2. Blockchain interoperability 62</p> <p>3.2.1. Atomic swap and Komodo 63</p> <p>3.2.2. Interoperability and partnership between Hyperledger and Enterprise Ethereum Alliance (EEA) 64</p> <p>3.2.3. ISO and interoperability 64</p> <p>3.3. The junctions between the blockchain, the Internet of Things, and artificial intelligence 65</p> <p>3.3.1. Blockchain and the Internet of Things 65</p> <p>3.3.2. Blockchain and artificial intelligence 69</p> <p><b>Part 2. Blockchain Technology for a New Socio-economic Paradigm </b><b>73</b></p> <p><b>Introduction to Part 2 </b><b>75</b></p> <p><b>Chapter 4. Toward a Social Smart-contract? </b><b>77</b></p> <p>4.1. Disintermediated direct democracy: perspectives opened by the blockchain 77</p> <p>4.1.1. The terms of the social contract: centralized representative democracy or disintermediated direct democracy 77</p> <p>4.1.2. A path between direct democracy and representative democracy: liquid democracy 80</p> <p>4.1.3. Political disintermediation through blockchain and the hypothesis of a social smart-contract 82</p> <p>4.2. Participation, voting, and DAOs 84</p> <p>4.2.1. DAOs: new ways of participation 84</p> <p>4.2.2. The Token Curated Registries 85</p> <p>4.3. Registries, administration, and blockchain 86</p> <p>4.3.1. Blockchain and e-Residency in Estonia 86</p> <p>4.3.2. The blockchain and the opening of public data 88</p> <p><b>Chapter 5. Proteiform and Multi-sectoral Transformations </b><b>91</b></p> <p>5.1. Tokenization of the economy and bartering 91</p> <p>5.1.1. Progressive evolution of the monetary approach to crypto-assets 91</p> <p>5.1.2. The typology of crypto-assets 92</p> <p>5.1.3. Crypto-assets and bartering 93</p> <p>5.2. Interbank transactions and blockchain 95</p> <p>5.2.1. The Banque de France’s MADRE project 98</p> <p>5.3. Fundraising and ICOs 99</p> <p>5.3.1. The concept of ICOs and other financing methods 99</p> <p>5.3.2. The functioning of the ICOs 100</p> <p>5.3.3. Regulations still uncertain 103</p> <p>5.3.4. Financing social innovation 104</p> <p>5.4. Legal and judicial evidence and timestamping by <i>blockchain </i>105</p> <p>5.4.1. Method of legal proof by blockchain 106</p> <p>5.4.2. First receipts by the judicial systems 108</p> <p>5.5. The renewal of the cadastral system by the blockchain 110</p> <p>5.5.1. The first experiments 111</p> <p>5.6. The use of blockchain in the entertainment industry 112</p> <p>Conclusion 117</p> <p>References 119</p> <p>Index 133</p>

<p>Matthieu Quiniou is a Doctor of Private Law and Attorney at Law at the Paris Bar, France. His main interests include digital innovation law, blockchain, data and AI. </p>

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