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Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries


Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries


1. Aufl.

von: CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety), Daniel A. Crowl

131,99 €

Verlag: Wiley
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 03.02.2007
ISBN/EAN: 9780470118832
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 256

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Beschreibungen

<i>Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries</i> provides guidance for managers and plant engineering staff on specific, practical techniques and tools for addressing forty different human factors issues impacting process safety. Human factors incidents can result in injury and death, damage to the environment, fines, and business losses due to ruined batches, off-spec products, unplanned shutdowns, and other adverse effects. Prevention of these incidents increases productivity and profits. <p>Complete with examples, case histories, techniques, and implementation methodologies, <i>Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries</i> helps managers and engineering staff design and execute an efficient program. Organized for topical reference, the book includes:</p> <ul> <li>An overview on implementing a human factors program at the corporate level or the plant level, covering the business value, developing a program to meet specific needs, improving existing systems, roles and responsibilities, measures of performance, and more</li> <li>Summaries of forty different human factors relating to process safety, with a description of the tools, a practical example with graphics and visual aids, and additional resources</li> <li>Information on addressing the OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) requirement for conducting human factors reviews in process hazard analyses (PHAs)</li> <li>A CD-ROM with a color version of the book</li> </ul> <p><b>Note:</b> CD-ROM/DVD and other supplementary materials are not included as part of eBook file.</p>
<p>Preface xi</p> <p>Acknowledgments xiii</p> <p>Abbreviations and Acronyms xv</p> <p><b>1 Introduction 1</b></p> <p>1.1 Purpose of This Book 1</p> <p>1.2 Human Factors 1</p> <p>1.3 Human Error 3</p> <p>1.4 Structure of This Book 5</p> <p>1.5 Linkage to Other CCPS Publications 6</p> <p>1.6 References 7</p> <p><b>2 The Case for Human Factors 9</b></p> <p>2.1 Why is Human Factors Needed? 9</p> <p>2.2 Past Incidents 11</p> <p>2.3 Business Value/Justification 11</p> <p>2.4 Human Factors in the Life Cycle of a Chemical Plant 16</p> <p>2.5 Needs Driven Program 17</p> <p>2.6 References 19</p> <p><b>3 Performance Measurement and Improvements 21</b></p> <p>3.1 Building Improvements into Existing Systems 21</p> <p>3.2 Measures of Performance 22</p> <p>3.3 Roles and Responsibilities 24</p> <p>3.4 Continuous Improvement 25</p> <p>3.5 References 28</p> <p><b>HUMAN FACTORS TOOL KIT</b></p> <p><b>Facilities and Equipment</b></p> <p><b>4 Process Equipment Design 31</b></p> <p>4.1 Introduction 31</p> <p>4.2 Tools 33</p> <p>4.3 References 33</p> <p>4.4 Additional References 34</p> <p><b>5 Process Control Systems 37</b></p> <p>5.1 Introduction 37</p> <p>5.2 Issues/Example 37</p> <p>5.3 Tools 39</p> <p>5.4 Additional References 39</p> <p><b>6 Control Center Design 41</b></p> <p>6.1 Introduction 41</p> <p>6.2 Tools 42</p> <p>6.3 References 43</p> <p>6.4 Additional References 43</p> <p><b>7 Remote Operations 45</b></p> <p>7.1 Introduction 45</p> <p>7.2 Tools 47</p> <p>7.3 Reference 48</p> <p><b>8 Facilities and Workstation Design 49</b></p> <p>8.1 Introduction 49</p> <p>8.2 Tools 53</p> <p>8.3 References 55</p> <p>8.4 Additional References 55</p> <p><b>9 Human/Computer Interface 57</b></p> <p>9.1 Introduction 57</p> <p>9.2 Human Interactions with Control System Software 58</p> <p>9.3 Tools 59</p> <p>9.4 References 63</p> <p>9.5 Additional References 64</p> <p><b>10 Safe Havens 67</b></p> <p>10.1 Introduction 67</p> <p>10.2 Human Factors Issues 68</p> <p>10.3 Tools 70</p> <p>10.4 References 70</p> <p><b>11 Labeling 71</b></p> <p>11.1 Introduction 71</p> <p>11.2 Tools 72</p> <p>11.3 References 74</p> <p><b>People</b></p> <p><b>12 Training 77</b></p> <p>12.1 Introduction 77</p> <p>12.2 Guidelines for Training Programs 77</p> <p>12.3 Guidelines for Designing and Delivering Training 78</p> <p>12 4 Tools 81</p> <p>12.5 References 81</p> <p><b>13 Communications 83</b></p> <p>13.1 Introduction 83</p> <p>13.2 Issues/Examples 83</p> <p>13.3 Tools 85</p> <p>13.4 References 85</p> <p><b>14 Documentation Design and Use 87</b></p> <p>14.1 Introduction 87</p> <p>14.2 Converting to Electronic Documentation 88</p> <p>14.3 Use of Documents 90</p> <p>14.4 Tools 92</p> <p>14.5 References 93</p> <p>14.6 Additional References 94</p> <p><b>15 Environmental Factors 95</b></p> <p>15.1 Introduction 95</p> <p>15.2 Noise 95</p> <p>15.3 Vibration 96</p> <p>15.4 Temperature and Relative Humidity 99</p> <p>15.5 Air Quality 101</p> <p>15.6 Lighting 102</p> <p>15.7 References 105</p> <p><b>16 Workloads and Staffing Levels 107</b></p> <p>16.1 Introduction 107</p> <p>16.2 Issues/Examples 107</p> <p>16.3 Tools 108</p> <p>16.4 References 109</p> <p><b>17 Shiftwork Issues 111</b></p> <p>17.1 Introduction 111</p> <p>17.2 Tools 112</p> <p>17.3 References 114</p> <p>17.4 Additional References 114</p> <p><b>18 Manual Materials Handling 117</b></p> <p>18.1 Introduction 117</p> <p>18.2 Manual Materials Handling Guidelines 118</p> <p>18.3 References 121</p> <p>18.3 Additional References 122</p> <p><b>Management Systems</b></p> <p><b>19 Safety Culture 125</b></p> <p>19.1 Introduction 125</p> <p>19.2 What is Safety Culture? 125</p> <p>19.3 Tools 127</p> <p>19.4 Safety Culture: A Process Industry Case Study 130</p> <p>19.5 Benefits 131</p> <p>19.6 References 131</p> <p>19.7 Additional References 132</p> <p><b>20 Behavior Based Safety 133</b></p> <p>20.1 Introduction 133</p> <p>20.2 Tools 134</p> <p>20.3 Expected Results 137</p> <p>20.4 References 137</p> <p>20.5 Additional References 138</p> <p><b>21 Project Planning, Design, and Execution 139</b></p> <p>21.1 Introduction 139</p> <p>21.2 Human Factors Tools for Project Management 139</p> <p>21.3 References 143</p> <p><b>22 Procedures 145</b></p> <p>22.1 Introduction 145</p> <p>22.2 Tools 146</p> <p>22.3 References 151</p> <p>22.4 Additional References 151</p> <p><b>23 Maintenance 153</b></p> <p>23.1 Introduction 153</p> <p>23.2 Identifying Critical Maintenance Tasks 153</p> <p>23.3 Maintenance Protocol 154</p> <p>23.4 Tools 155</p> <p>23.5 References 156</p> <p><b>24 Safe Work Practices and Permit-to-Work Systems 159</b></p> <p>24.1 Introduction 159</p> <p>24.2 Issues 159</p> <p>24.3 Tools 163</p> <p>24.4 References 164</p> <p>24.5 Additional Reference 164</p> <p><b>25 Management of Change 165</b></p> <p>25.1 Introduction 165</p> <p>25.2 Tools 167</p> <p>25.3 References 172</p> <p><b>26 Qualitative Hazard Analysis 175</b></p> <p>26.1 Introduction 175</p> <p>26.2 Tools—Human Failures 176</p> <p>26.3 Tools—Human Factors 177</p> <p>26.4 References 179</p> <p>26.5 Additional References 180</p> <p><b>27 Quantitative Risk Assessment 181</b></p> <p>27.1 Introduction 181</p> <p>27.2 Tools 183</p> <p>27.3 References 184</p> <p>27.4 Additional References 184</p> <p><b>28 Safety Systems 185</b></p> <p>28.1 Introduction 185</p> <p>28.2 People and Safety Systems 185</p> <p>28.3 Bypassing and Disabling Safety Systems 185</p> <p>28.4 Shutdown Systems 188</p> <p>28.5 Selection of Safety Systems 189</p> <p>28.6 Common Cause Failures in Safety Systems 189</p> <p>28.7 Tools 190</p> <p>28.8 References 190</p> <p><b>29 Competence Management 191</b></p> <p>29.1 Introduction 191</p> <p>29.2 Elements of Competence Management 193</p> <p>29.3 Tools 196</p> <p>29.4 References 197</p> <p>29.5 Additional References 197</p> <p><b>30 Emergency Preparedness and Response 199</b></p> <p>30.1 Introduction 199</p> <p>30.2 Tools 199</p> <p>30.3 Reference 202</p> <p>30.4 Additional References 202</p> <p><b>31 Incident Investigation 203</b></p> <p>31.1 Introduction 203</p> <p>31.2 Issues/Examples 203</p> <p>31.3 Tools 205</p> <p>31.4 References 205</p> <p>Appendix. Human Factors Checklist 207</p> <p>Index 225</p>
Since 1985, the <b>Center for Chemical Process Safety</b> (CCPS) has been the world leader in providing information on process safety management and technology. CCPS, an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has published over eighty books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series. In this book, CCPS teams up with the AIChE Safety and Health Division. Members of the CCPS Human Factors Subcommittee contributed chapters or sections in their areas of expertise. For more information, visit www.ccpsonline.org.
<p><b>The proper application of human factors is a valuable investment in overall process safety</b> <p>This book provides guidance for managers and plant engineering staff on specific, practical techniques and tools for addressing forty different human factors issues impacting process safety. Human factors incidents can result in injury and death, damage to the environment, fines, and business losses due to ruined batches, off-spec products, unplanned shutdowns, and other adverse effects. Prevention of these incidents increases productivity and profits. <p>Complete with examples, case histories, techniques, and implementation methodologies, <i>Human Factors Methods for Improving Performance in the Process Industries</i> helps managers and engineering staff design and execute an efficient program. Organized for topical reference, the book includes: ??? <ul> <li>An overview on implementing a human factors program at the corporate level or the plant level, covering the business value, developing a program to meet specific needs, improving existing systems, roles and responsibilities, measures of performance, and more</li> <li>Summaries of forty different human factors relating to process safety, with a description of the tools, a practical example with graphics and visual aids, and additional resources</li> <li>Information on addressing the OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) requirement for conducting human factors reviews in process hazard analyses (PHAs)</li> <li>A color version of the book is available online.</li> </ul> <p>Since 1985, the <b>Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS)</b> has been the world leader in providing information on process safety management and technology. CCPS, an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has published over eighty books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series. In this book, CCPS teams up with the AIChE Safety and Health Division. Members of the CCPS Human Factors Subcommittee contributed chapters or sections in their areas of expertise. For more information, visit www.ccpsonline.org.

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