EIBC Books
Application of Physical Methods to Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry
Edited by Robert A. Scott and Charles M. Lukehart
ISBN 978-0-470-03217-6
Nanomaterials: Inorganic and Bioinorganic Perspectives
Edited by Charles M. Lukehart and Robert A. Scott
ISBN 978-0-470-51644-7
Computational Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry
Edited by Edward I. Solomon, R. Bruce King and Robert A. Scott
ISBN 978-0-470-69997-3
Radionuclides in the Environment
Edited by David A. Atwood
ISBN 978-0-470-71434-8
Energy Production and Storage: Inorganic Chemical Strategies for a Warming World
Edited by Robert H. Crabtree
ISBN 978-0-470-74986-9
The Rare Earth Elements: Fundamentals and Applications
Edited by David A. Atwood
ISBN 978-1-119-95097-4
Metals in Cells
Edited by Valeria Culotta and Robert A. Scott
ISBN 978-1-119-95323-4
Metal-Organic Framework Materials
Edited by Leonard R. MacGillivray and Charles M. Lukehart
ISBN 978-1-119-95289-3
The Lightest Metals: Science and Technology from Lithium to Calcium
Edited by Timothy P. Hanusa
ISBN 978-1-118-70328-1
Sustainable Inorganic Chemistry
Edited by David A. Atwood
ISBN 978-1-118-70342-7
Metalloprotein Active Site Assembly
Edited by Michael K. Johnson and Robert A. Scott
ISBN 978-1-11915983-4
The Heaviest Metals: Science and Technology of the Actinides and Beyond
Edited by William J. Evans and Timothy P. Hanusa
ISBN 978-1-11930409-8
Inorganic Battery Materials
Edited by Hailiang Wang and Boniface P.T. Fokwa
ISBN 978-1-11943199-2
Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry
The Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry (EIBC) was created as an online reference in 2012 by merging the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry and the Handbook of Metalloproteins. The resulting combination proves to be the defining reference work in the field of inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. The online edition is regularly updated and expanded. For information see:
www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/ref/eibc
Editors
This edition first published 2020
© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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The right of the authors to be identified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with law.
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In view of ongoing research, equipment modifications, changes in governmental regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to the use of experimental reagents, equipment, and devices, the reader is urged to review and evaluate the information provided in the package insert or instructions for each chemical, piece of equipment, reagent, or device for, among other things, any changes in the instructions or indication of usage and for added warnings and precautions. While the publisher and authors have used their best efforts in preparing this work, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties, including without limitation any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives, written sales materials or promotional statements for this work. The fact that an organization, website, or product is referred to in this work as a citation and/or potential source of further information does not mean that the publisher and authors endorse the information or services the organization, website, or product may provide or recommendations it may make. This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a specialist where appropriate. Further, readers should be aware that websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read. Neither the publisher nor authors shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages.
Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data has been applied for.
978‐1‐119‐43199‐2 (hardback)
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © Hailiang Wang, © 2019 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Editorial Board
Editor‐in‐Chief
Robert A. Scott
University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Section Editors
Boniface P.T. Fokwa
University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
Timothy P. Hanusa
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
Jason B. Love
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
Rebecca L. Melen
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
Albrecht Messerschmidt
Max‐Planck‐Institute für Biochemie, Martinsried, Germany
Robert A. Scott
University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
Associate Editors
Yvain Nicolet
Institut de Biologie Structurale, Grenoble, France
Tim Storr
Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
Holger Helten
RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
Robert H. Crabtree
Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
R. Bruce King
University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
International Advisory Board
David A. Atwood
University of Kentucky, KY, USA
Michael Bruce
Adelaide, Australia
Tristram Chivers
Calgary, Canada
Valeria Culotta
MD, USA
Mirek Cygler
Saskatchewan, Canada
Marcetta Darensbourg
TX, USA
Michel Ephritikhine
Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Robert Huber
Martinsried, Germany
Susumu Kitagawa
Kyoto, Japan
Charles M. Lukehart
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
Leonard R. MacGillivray
IA, USA
Thomas Poulos
CA, USA
David Schubert
CO, USA
Edward I. Solomon
CA, USA
Katherine Thompson
Vancouver, Canada
T. Don Tilley
CA, USA
Karl E. Wieghardt
Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
Vivian Yam
Hong Kong
| Hye Ryung Byon | Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea |
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| Shaowei Chen | South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
| University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA | |
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| Jaephil Cho | Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea |
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| Francesco Ciucci | Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China |
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| Camden DeBruler | Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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| Kaoru Dokko | Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan |
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| Elizabeth H. Driscoll | University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK |
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| Laura L. Driscoll | University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK |
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| Bin Fan | South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Bo Hu | Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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| Liangbing Hu | University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA |
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| Maowei Hu | Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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| Sooyeon Hwang | Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA |
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| Jang‐Soo Lee | Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea |
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| Feng Li | University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA |
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| Ligui Li | South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Siyuan Li | Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China |
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| Xiaolin Li | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA |
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| Feng Lin | Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA |
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| T. Leo Liu | Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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| Yingying Lu | Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China |
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| Ziheng Lu | Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China |
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| Jian Luo | Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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| Wei Luo | Tongji University, Shanghai, China |
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| Laura C. Merrill | University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA |
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| Joohyuk Park | Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea |
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| Jelena Popovic | Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany |
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| Muhammad M. Rahman | Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA |
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| Philip N. Ross | Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA |
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| Jennifer L. Schaefer | University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA |
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| Divya Sehrawat | University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, Australia |
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| Reza Shahbazian‐Yassar | University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA |
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| Neeraj Sharma | University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, Australia |
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| Feifei Shi | Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA |
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| Peter R. Slater | University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK |
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| Junhua Song | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA |
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| Jennifer H. Stansby | University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, Australia; |
| Australia Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia | |
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| Dong Su | Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA |
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| Xiaowei Teng | University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA |
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| Morgan L. Thomas | Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan |
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| Ting Hei Wan | Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China |
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| Nan Wang | South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Masayoshi Watanabe | Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan |
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| Raymond A. Wong | Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea |
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| Wenda Wu | Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA |
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| Zhaojun Xie | Nankai University, Tianjin, China |
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| Jixiang Yang | Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China |
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| Wanli Yang | Advanced Light Source, E O Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA |
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| Wentao Yao | Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA |
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| Chuang Yu | Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands |
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| Jingping Yu | South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Shuaibo Zeng | South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Ji‐Guang Zhang | Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA |
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| Jun Zhao | South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China |
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| Zhen Zhou | Nankai University, Tianjin, China |
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The success of the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (EIC), pioneered by Bruce King, the founding Editor in Chief, led to the 2012 integration of articles from the Handbook of Metalloproteins to create the newly launched Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry (EIBC). This has been accompanied by a significant expansion of our Editorial Advisory Board with international representation in all areas of inorganic chemistry. It was under Bruce's successor, Bob Crabtree, that it was recognized that not everyone would necessarily need access to the full extent of EIBC. All EIBC articles are online and are searchable, but we still recognized value in more concise thematic volumes targeted to a specific area of interest. This idea encouraged us to produce a series of EIC (now EIBC) Books, focusing on topics of current interest. These will continue to appear on an approximately annual basis and will feature the leading scholars in their fields, often being guest coedited by one of these leaders. Like the Encyclopedia, we hope that EIBC Books continue to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker a critical distillation of the leading concepts and provide a structured entry into the fields covered.
The EIBC Books are referred to as spin‐on books, recognizing that all the articles in these thematic volumes are destined to become part of the online content of EIBC, usually forming a new category of articles in the EIBC topical structure. We find that this provides multiple routes to find the latest summaries of current research.
I fully recognize that this latest transformation of EIBC is built on the efforts of my predecessors, Bruce King and Bob Crabtree, my fellow editors, as well as the Wiley personnel, and, most particularly, the numerous authors of EIBC articles. It is the dedication and commitment of all these people that are responsible for the creation and production of this series and the “parent” EIBC.
Robert A. Scott
University of Georgia
Department of Chemistry
August 2019
Rechargeable batteries, converting between chemical energy and electrical energy, are not only a currently dominant power source for portable electronics, cordless tools, electrochemical energy storage, and electric vehicles but are also closely related to the future of humanity's efficient and balanced energy consumption. The exponential growth of energy demand in our modern society has made rechargeable batteries one of the essential ingredients to satisfy our quest for more and more energy. Equally important is the fact that rechargeable batteries are playing a crucial role in climate change by helping to advance green energy technologies such as solar and wind. Consequently, it is urgent to build better batteries by making them more energy intensive, faster, more durable, safer, and cheaper. While incremental improvements of available batteries are being successfully pursued in the industry by design or architecture modifications, exploring and understanding new chemistries and materials will be necessary to address these challenges. This has stimulated extensive research on designing, synthesizing, and characterizing inorganic materials (broadly defined) for many battery technologies.
Inorganic Battery Materials, a newly added volume to The Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry, is the product of excellent contributions from prominent experts from Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America. Selective overviews and critical perspectives are provided for battery technologies from the state‐of‐the‐art lithium ion battery chemistry to more energy‐aggressive chemistries involving lithium metal, sulfur, and oxygen; abundant metals including sodium, magnesium, calcium, and aluminum; aqueous battery chemistry; redox flow battery chemistry; solid state battery chemistry; and environmentally beneficial carbon dioxide battery chemistry. In addition to battery materials, extensive discussion is also dedicated to the development and employment of advanced structural characterization techniques, including synchrotron‐based X‐ray spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy, to understand the structure–property correlations and working/failing mechanisms.
We would like to thank the editorial staff at Wiley for their expert guidance and assistance throughout the entire project. It could not have been completed without their steadfast help.
Hailiang Wang
Yale University,
New Haven, CT, USA
Boniface P.T. Fokwa
University of California,
Riverside, CA, USA
August 2019