Cover: Economic Geography, Third by Neil M. Coe, Philip F. Kelly, Henry W. C. Yeung

ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

A Contemporary Introduction

Third Edition

Neil M. Coe

National University of Singapore

Philip F. Kelly

York University
Toronto, Canada

Henry W. C. Yeung

National University of Singapore





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LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Bottled water for sale in a Toronto grocery store
1.2 Home or office delivery of bottled water in Guangzhou, China
1.3 Californian drought and water bottling in 2015
1.4 US population density and water bottling plants, 2013
1.5 The Perrier production facility in the village of Vergèze, France
1.6 Centre Wellington and Wellington County, in Ontario, Canada
1.7 Plastic bottles, sorted and compressed into bales and ready for recycling
1.8 A juvenile albatross sits amid piles of discarded trash that floated ashore
1.9 Key geographical concepts – uneven patterns, distinctive places, connecting networks, and territorial power
2.1 The economy as an organic entity
2.2 The world economy as seen through GDP figures
2.3 Raworth’s doughnut
2.4 Irving Fisher’s lecture hall apparatus, simulating the economy, c.1925
2.5 The supply and demand curves
2.6 Many consumers, many sellers (a) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan and (b) online (Alibaba.com being viewed in Hong Kong)
2.7 The economic iceberg
3.1 China’s Pearl River Delta region
3.2 Uneven regional development in China
3.3 A landscape of contemporary capitalism in China: the Shenzhen skyline
3.4 Spatial divisions of labour
3.5 Waves of industrialization in East, Southeast, and South Asia, 1950–present
3.6 Industrial restructuring during the 1970s in the United States
3.7 The uneven economic landscape of US cities, by GDP, in 2016
3.8 Abandoned residential buildings in Detroit, USA
3.9 Post‐industrial redevelopment of the Liverpool waterfront
3.10 Trajectories of regional development
4.1 Geography is a flavour at Starbucks
4.2 The basic commodity chain of our breakfast
4.3 The global map of coffee consumption, 2016
4.4 The coffee production network – the changing institutional framework in Tanzania
4.5 Shipbreaking in Chittagong, Bangladesh
5.1 HSBC – ‘The world’s local bank’
5.2 Apple iPhone 7 – its components and key suppliers
5.3 Different forms of organizing transnational operations
5.4 The BMW Group Headquarters tower in Munich, Germany
5.5 Spatial organization of transnational production units
5.6 BMW’s global production networks
5.7 Fast‐food franchise chains in the Caribbean
6.1 The United Arab Emirates and its major sources of migrant workers
6.2 UK Independence Party (UKIP) campaign poster from European elections, 2014
6.3 Residents and non‐residents in Singapore’s labour force, 1990–2017
6.4 Top global migration corridors (in millions) 2013
6.5 A Shan migrant worker applies pesticides on a farm near Chiang Mai in Northern Thailand
6.6 Remittance flows to low‐ and middle‐income countries, compared to other global capital flows
6.7 Top remittance‐receiving countries, and countries with highest dependence on remittances, 2017
6.8 The migration industry in Toronto, Canada
7.1 The global distribution of Wal‐Mart stores in 2018
7.2 Tesco Lotus in Thailand
7.3 The development of Chicago’s suburban shopping centres, 1949–1974
7.4 Britain’s largest shopping centres
7.5 Cheshire Oaks outlet mall
7.6 The Marina Bay Sands integrated resort, Singapore
7.7 Amazon’s growth trajectory
7.8 Amazon’s operations in Europe, early 2016
7.9 Informal retailing
7.10 Urban and heritage tourism
7.11 Magical Kenya
8.1 Global network connectivity of major financial centres
8.2 The Occupy Wall Street movement in New York City
8.3 Global finance and the shifting relationship with local mortgage lending
8.4 The circuit of global financial centres in the Islamic banking and finance system
9.1 The US–Mexico border
9.2 China’s Belt and Road Initiative since 2013
9.3 The number of independent states, 1816–2017
9.4 The future mega city of NEOM, Saudi Arabia
10.1 Construction work along the road from Kamwenge to Fort Portal in western Uganda
10.2 The expansion of the European Union since 1957
10.3 The United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Developmental Goals for 2030
10.4 The AIIB: a new multilateral institution for global development
10.5 Investment instruments by multilateral development banks, 2014
11.1 Map of Kiribati
11.2 Picture of Tarawa, Kiribati
11.3 Globally averaged greenhouse gas concentrations, 1800–present
11.4 Emissions of carbon dioxide by country/region, 2016 (MtCO2)
11.5 Emissions of carbon dioxide by country/region, 1960–2016 (MtCO2)
11.6 Observed climate change impacts on biophysical and human systems
11.7 Map of India showing the Deccan Plateau and Ghats
11.8 An open pit lithium mine in Australia
11.9 Automobile‐dependent suburban sprawl in Perth, Australia
12.1 Venture capitalists on Silicon Valley’s Sand Hill Road
12.2 Leading technology companies in Silicon Valley
12.3 Weber’s industrial location theory
12.4 Industrial districts in Italy
12.5 Just‐in‐time clustering in Toyota City, Japan
12.6 Call centres in Manila, the Philippines
12.7 A consumption cluster – The Strip, Las Vegas
12.8 A multifaceted cluster? High‐tech business in San Jose, Silicon Valley
12.9 The Hollywood film production cluster
12.10 Schematic representation of the Hollywood film production cluster
12.11 Motorsport Valley in the United Kingdom
12.12 Local buzz and global pipelines
12.13 A cluster life cycle?
12.14 Two Scandinavian clusters – biogas in Scania, Sweden and leisure boats in Arendal, Norway
13.1 Main categories of unpaid work in various countries
13.2 Minutes spent on unpaid work per day in various countries
13.3 Female labour force participation in selected countries, 1990 and 2017
13.4 Women workers leaving the largest industrial estate in the Philippines, the Cavite Economic Zone
13.5 Singapore’s Little India
13.6 Korean convenience store
13.7 Brick Lane in London
14.1 (a) The Brixton Pound and (b) the Bangla‐Pesa – money that ‘sticks’ in a locality
14.2 The global distribution of Fairtrade farmers and workers, mid‐2010s
14.3 A gift economy at work – packing balikbayan boxes in Hong Kong
14.4 An intern working on an Ontario farm
14.5 The fishing communities involved in the MCFA, Maine, United States

LIST OF TABLES

1.1 Per capita and total consumption of bottled water, selected countries, 2015
2.1 Different perspectives in economics
3.1 Asia’s burgeoning middle class?
4.1 The coffee production network: who gains most in Uganda, 2011?
4.2 Firms as actors in global production networks
4.3 The world’s leading logistical providers – key facts and figures in 2016
5.1 Subcontracting of the world’s top notebook brand‐name companies to top‐three ODM firms from Taiwan, 2015
5.2 Different forms of risk associated with TNCs and their global production networks
6.1 Union density (%) in selected countries 2000/2001 to 2014/2015
7.1 Mass consumption and post‐Fordist consumption compared
7.2 Leading transnational retailers, ranked by sales outside home market, 2016
7.3 Top grocery retailers in Poland, 2017
7.4 International tourism receipts and expenditure – top 10 countries in 2016
8.1 The changing regimes of financial regulation in the global economy
8.2 Leading global cities in global financial markets for foreign exchange trading and derivative transactions, 2001–2016
8.3 World’s 12 largest sovereign wealth funds in 2007 and 2017 (US$ billion)
9.1 Major types of economic policies and some examples
9.2 French government’s stakes in selected industrial firms, 2014 (per cent)
9.3 Varieties of states in the global economy
10.1 Major regional economic blocs in the global economy
10.2 The world of standards
10.3 The United Nations system for international development
12.1 The characteristics of ‘just‐in‐case’ and ‘just‐in‐time’ systems
13.1 Contrasting views on the emancipatory potential of industrial employment for women
13.2 The two sides of ethnic enterprise
14.1 The diverse economy
14.2 The building blocks of Unilever’s Sustainable Living Plan
14.3 The 15 largest cooperative and mutual organizations by turnover in 2015
14.4 Dimensions of the platform economy

LIST OF BOXES

1.1 The corporate world of bottled water
1.2 Scale
2.1 Doughnut Economics
2.2 Metaphors of economy
2.3 Heterodox economics
2.4 The place of markets
3.1 Regulation theory and Fordism
3.2 Asia’s Growing Middle Class
3.3 Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG)
3.4 Dynamic California
4.1 Coffee, cafés, and connections
4.2 From global commodity chains and global value chains to global production networks
4.3 Upgrading strategies: how to do better through participation in production networks
5.1 Corporate cultures
5.2 Transnational production in the maquiladoras of northern Mexico
5.3 BMW’s multiple structures of transnational production
5.4 Transnational corporations and the new international division of labour
6.1 Local labour control regimes and unfree labour
6.2 Labour Geography
6.3 The temporary staffing industry
7.1 Consumption work
7.2 Retail decentralization in post‐war Chicago
7.3 The ‘magic of the mall’
7.4 Bourdieu’s cultural capital
7.5 Bottom of pyramid markets
7.6 Geographies of branding
8.1 A glossary of common financial terms
8.2 Global cities
8.3 The Cayman Islands as an offshore financial centre (OFC)
8.4 Subprime and the crisis of global finance
9.1 Unpacking the state
9.2 Neo‐liberalism
9.3 State blocking of takeover bids in Canada and Australia
9.4 The East Asian developmental state3
10.1 Dependency: neo‐Marxian critiques of modernization theory
10.2 Shock therapy
10.3 ASEAN and macro‐regional integration in Southeast Asia
10.4 Environmental certification of dolphin‐safe tuna production
11.1 Vulnerability to climate change: the Deccan Plateau of India
11.2 Political Ecology
11.3 Lithium as commodity
12.1 Viva Las Vegas!
12.2 The limits to clusters?
12.3 Project working
13.1 Ethnicity, race, and racialization
13.2 Devaluing the ‘Third World Woman’
13.3 Redundant masculinities
13.4 Ontario’s South Korean convenience stores
14.1 Community wealth building – the Cleveland model
14.2 The Mondragon Cooperative Corporation
14.3 ‘Will work for food’ – non‐wage farm labour in Ontario, Canada
14.4 The commons
14.5 The rise of platform capitalism?
15.1 Ontology, epistemology, and methodology
15.2 The ‘Cultural Turn’ in Economic Geography
15.3 What is discourse?
15.4 Economic Geography beyond the Anglosphere