Sixth Edition
(formerly Lipid Biochemistry: An Introduction, Editions 1–5)
BY
© 1971, 1975, 1980 Michael I. Gurr and A.T. James; 1991 Michael I. Gurr and John L. Harwood; 2002 Michael I. Gurr, John L. Harwood and Keith N. Frayn; 2016 Michael I. Gurr, John L. Harwood, Keith N. Frayn, Denis J. Murphy and Robert H. Michell
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Gurr, M. I. (Michael Ian), author. | Harwood, John L., author. | Frayn
K. N. (Keith N.), author. | Murphy, Denis J., author | Michell, R. H., author.
Lipid biochemistry. Preceded by (work):
Title: Lipids:Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Health / by Michael I. Gurr, John
L. Harwood, Keith N. Frayn, Denis J. Murphy, and Robert H. Michell.
Description: 6th edition. | Chichester, West Sussex ; Hoboken, NJ : John
Wiley & Sons Inc., 2016. | Preceded by Lipid biochemistry / by Michael I.
Gurr, John L. Harwood, and Keith N. Frayn. 5th ed. 2002. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016000533 (print) | LCCN 2016002203 (ebook) | ISBN
9781118501139 (pbk.) | ISBN 9781118501085 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN
9781118501108 (ePub)
Subjects: | MESH: Lipids
Classification: LCC QP751 (print) | LCC QP751 (ebook) | NLM QU 85 | DDC
572/.57–dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016000533
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Cover images: Left panel: An artery partially occluded by an atherosclerotic plaque (Section 10.5.1). The red stain is for macrophages that are present in the plaque and become foam cells. The green stain is for smooth muscle cells in the arterial wall and capping the plaque. Photo courtesy of Thomas S. Davies and Susan Chazi, Cardiff University, UK from work funded by the British Heart Foundation.
Middle panel: An enterocyte from human jejunum displaying multiple lipid droplets a few hours after consuming a fatty meal (Section 7.1.3). The figure also shows mitochondria (dark) and the microvilli (brush border). Electron micrograph courtesy of Dr M Denise Robertson, University of Surrey, UK from work funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). Reproduced, with permission from BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, from MD Robertson, M Parkes, BF Warren et al. (2003) Mobilization of enterocyte fat stores by oral glucose in man. Gut 6: 833–8.
Right panel: Distribution of different molecular species of phosphatidylcholine within developing oilseed rape embryos as revealed by MALDI-MS imaging (Section 9.3.1). Red shows high concentrations and green low. Photo courtesy of Helen Woodfield and Drew Sturtevent from work funded by the BBSRC in Prof. Kent Chapman's laboratory at the University of North Texas, USA.
Background: Gettyimages/manuela schewe-behnisch / eyeem
Our main aims in writing this book have been, as ever, to aid students and other researchers in learning about lipids, to help staff in teaching the subject and to encourage research in this field. Since the publication of the Fifth Edition in 2002, there have been huge advances in our knowledge of the many aspects of lipids, especially in molecular biology. Far more is now known about the genes coding for proteins involved in lipid metabolism and already techniques of biotechnology are making use of this knowledge to produce specialized lipids on an industrial scale. The new knowledge has also had a far-reaching influence on medicine by revealing the role of lipids in disease processes to a much greater extent than hitherto and allowing for advances in diagnosis and disease prevention or treatment. We have endeavoured to reflect as many of these advances as possible in this new edition. Although modern textbooks of general biochemistry or biology now cover lipids to a greater extent than when our first edition was published in 1971, a book devoted entirely to lipids is able to go into far more detail on all these diverse aspects of the subject and to discuss exciting new developments with greater authority. It should be emphasized here that we have referred to a wide range of organisms – including archaea, bacteria, fungi, algae, ‘higher’ plants and many types of animals and not restricted ourselves to mammalian lipids.
Because of this research activity, we have rewritten large parts of the book and have given it a new title that reflects the fact that it is increasingly difficult to identify old boundaries between subjects such as biochemistry, physiology and medicine. This runs in parallel with changes in university structure: away from narrow ‘departments’ of ‘biochemistry’, zoology', ‘botany’ and the like, towards integrated ‘schools’ of biological sciences or similar structures. The increasing diversity of the subject requires greater specialist expertise than is possible with one or two authors. Accordingly, we have brought two new colleagues on board and one of the original authors has been given the role of coordinating editor to assure, as far as possible, consistency of style, so that we could avoid identifying authors with chapters. The authors have consulted widely among colleagues working in lipids and related fields to ensure that each chapter is as authoritative as possible. We are grateful for their help, which is recorded in the acknowledgements section. As a result, advances in such topics as enzymes of lipid metabolism, lipids in cell signalling, lipids in health and disease, molecular genetics and biotechnology have been strengthened.
The need to include new material has had to be balanced against the need to keep the book to a moderate size, with a price within most students' budgets. Some things had to go! As in the Fifth Edition, we decided to restrict some material of historical interest. Nevertheless, we thought that the inclusion of many short references to historical developments should remain, to add interest and to put certain aspects of lipidology in context. We have also removed some of the material that dealt with analytical procedures so that we could focus more on metabolic, physiological, clinical and biotechnological aspects. Chapter 1 now summarizes lipid analytical methods, with ample references to more specialist literature but has a section on lipidomics to highlight modern approaches to lipid profiling in biological fluids and tissues. This introductory chapter also contains a guide to finding your way around the book, which we hope students will find useful. We shall appreciate comments and suggestions so that future editions can be further improved.
MI Gurr
JL Harwood
KN Frayn
DJ Murphy
RH Michell
Over the years, we have received invaluable assistance from many colleagues in the compilation of this book and our thanks have been recorded in the previous five editions. Their contributions are still significant in this new edition and we are also grateful to the following for helping us with new material.
In Chapter 1, Jules Griffin provided valuable assistance with the lipidomics section. The substantial section on fatty acid biosynthesis has been brought up to date with help from Stuart Smith and his colleague Marc Leibundgut, whose huge expertise has been much appreciated. Many other aspects of Chapter 3 have benefited from the help of John Cronan Jr., Michael Schweizer, Marc Leibundgut and Ivo Fuessner. Bill Christie's wide knowledge of lipid chemistry, nomenclature and analysis has been invaluable throughout the book. Deficiencies in our knowledge of fat-soluble vitamins have been rectified by David Bender (Chapter 6); recent advances in comparative aspects of lipid metabolism by Caroline Pond (Chapter 7); lipids in immunity by Parveen Yaqoob and Philip Calder (Chapter 10); lung surfactant by Fred Possmayer (Chapters 4 & 10) and lipoproteins in human metabolism and clinical practice by Fredrik Karpe and Sophie Bridges (Chapters 7 & 10). Gary Brown and Patrick Schrauwen helped with information on inborn errors of lipid metabolism; Jenny Collins with cancer and lipid metabolism; and Sara Suliman with understanding lipodystrophies (Chapter 10).
Our thanks are due to the Wiley-Blackwell team for guiding us through the intricacies of the publication process. Particular mention should be made of Nigel Balmforth, who has been associated with Lipid Biochemistry from its early days with Chapman & Hall, then Blackwell and finally Wiley. Finally, after the enormous amount of work that goes into writing a book of this complexity, the authors conclude that all ‘i's and ‘t's must have been dotted and crossed. It takes an expert, conscientious and helpful copy-editor to put a stop to this complacency and create a much better product. Martin Noble has done just that. Thank you all.
Michael I. Gurr was Visiting Professor in Human Nutrition at Reading and Oxford Brookes Universities, UK.
John L. Harwood is Professor of Biochemistry in the School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK.
Keith N. Frayn is Emeritus Professor of Human Metabolism at the University of Oxford, UK.
Denis J. Murphy is Professor of Biotechnology in the School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, UK.
Robert H. Michell is Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry in the School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
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